Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are very interesting polyesters synthesized by many types of bacteria. Numerous researchers from all over the world have carried out various studies on PHAs. There is already a wealth of knowledge about all aspects of PHAs in the literatures. In this book, the focus is on the relatively recent efforts to use vegetable oils, especially palm oil and its by-products to synthesize PHAs. Palm oil is the world’s most efficiently produced vegetable oil and Malaysia has been the pioneer in developing palm oil as a sustainable source of edible oil. Because of the high productivity of palm oil it costs less than other commercial vegetable oils. Therefore, it has been the preferred oil by most people from the low-income group. The production of palm oil is expected to increase to fulfill the growing demand. Besides Malaysia, Indonesia is also now a major producer of palm oil.