Bharat P. Singh Editor mixed material bibliography USA John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2013 en English

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Agriculture by nature is an unsustainable system. Crops take more out of soil than it has the ability to replenish under normal conditions. Being aware of this fact, throughout history man has tried to supplement the difference by various means with different degrees of success. was no accident that the location of the first agriculture-based civilization was Mesopotamia, meaning “land between two rivers.” The flood water every year brought new rich alluvial soils down the river to enrich the farmland with nutrients. With increases in population, people migrated from the optimal to the best land and climate they could find, and in time were forced to settle for marginal soils and climates. However using ingenuity, mankind found ways supplement what soil was not able to offer and used the climate to the fullest. Man’s incessant desire for more, while at the same time having more mouths to feed started to take toll the soil, the primary agricultural resource. Ancient scholars saw the development of this trend and warned against tendencies that made agricultural systems unsustainable. The evidence such warnings is found in the literary archives of the Indus Valley, Chinese, and the Middle Eastern civilizations. In modern times, detriment to soil and climate became endemic with the large-scale use of chemicals and machineries in agriculture starting in the 1930s. Present scholars, like their ancient predecessors, raised the alarmand the “dust bowling” by mechanical agriculture created general awareness of the awaiting catastrophes from the overexploitation of agricultural resources. EBOOK BIOFUEL NONE 9781118635643 e-BOOK UPT Perpustakaan Instiper Yogyakarta 0470963042.jpg.jpg 28 2018-07-26 11:06:35 2018-08-06 14:08:05 machine generated