This volume on Engineering Practices for Agricultural Production and Water Conservation: An Interdisciplinary Approach is being published under the book series Innovations in Agricultural and Biological Engineering. Agricultural and Biological Engineering has been added recently to the Engineering faculty, and this knowledge and technology are essential for increasing food production for the growing population in the world. It is gratifying to note that food production in the world at present more than meets the requirements, but the food wastages and fair access to all are a major issues. However, food production will have to be increased to cater to the needs of the escalating population of the world in the coming years. This book was prepared to help achieve the goal by the application of the latest technologies in food production saving water and fertilizer, reducing wastages and by using the latest technology like nanotechnology in agriculture. The book contains six parts namely: soil and water conservation and management; agricultural processing engineering; water quality and management; scope of emerging agricultural crops; renewable energy use in agriculture; and the applications of nanotechnology in agriculture. Dr. Megh R. Goyal, Senior Editor-in-Chief of this book, has contacted many experts on this subject throughout the world and received contributions to include in this book. The contributions are from India, Russia, and USA. We both are thankful to the contributing authors of each chapter who have shared their expertise in a nice way. These chapters cover the knowledge of soil and water conservation and management practices, methods of rain water harvesting, sustainable groundwater in hard rock areas, providing drainage for increasing crop production, precision application of fertilizer, agricultural processing to save food grains from wastages, potential of renewable sources from solid biomass, scope of medicinal and aromatic plants farming, and applications of nanotechnology in agriculture.