The book Sustainable Sugarcane Production includes all the aspects of sustainable sugarcane cultivation, development, and management, such as farming and biotechnology, entomology, pathology, breeding, physiology, agronomy, ratoon management, abiotic stresses, mechanization, etc. The book contains modern crop production methods in a comprehensive and easily understood manner. In addition this book also covers the latest information from the literature at the international level to make it usable for most agroecological regions of the world. This book can be used as reference material by agronomists, breeders, plant physiologists, farmers, and students of agricultural sciences. The objective of this book is to provide a comprehensive account of all the major achievements based on worldwide scientists in sugarcane research. The book is a compilation of recent advancements made on sugarcane development and cultivation and on improvement in cane and sugar yields using conventional and biotechnological approaches by different agricultural scientists and researchers of the major sugarcane growing countries. We hope this book will serve as an important reference for students, scientists, and industry professionals involved in sugarcane and related crops.