In this book, the focus is on the relatively recent efforts to use vegetable oils, especially palm oil and its by-products to synthesize PHAs. Palm oil is the world’s most efficiently produced vegetable oil and Malaysia has been the pioneer in developing palm oil as a sustainable source of edible oil. Because of the high pro-ductivity of palm oil it costs less than other commercial vegetable oils. Therefore, it has been the preferred oil by most people from the low-income group. The pro-duction of palm oil is expected to increase to fulfill the growing demand. Besides Malaysia, Indonesia is also now a major producer of palm oil